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Hypokalaemia, characterized by low levels of potassium in the blood, can occur due to a range of factors, and hyperaldosteronism is a significant cause. In hyperaldosteronism, there is an overproduction of the hormone aldosterone, which promotes the retention of sodium and the excretion of potassium in the kidneys. This results in increased potassium loss through urine, leading to lower serum potassium levels.

The condition is often associated with primary hyperaldosteronism, also known as Conn's syndrome, where an adrenal adenoma secretes excess aldosterone. The ensuing imbalance can cause various symptoms, including muscle weakness, cramps, and arrhythmias due to the crucial role potassium plays in muscle and nerve function.

Other factors that can lead to hypokalaemia, such as diuretic use or inadequate dietary intake, are not relevant in this case, as increased potassium intake and decreased diuretic use would typically help maintain or elevate potassium levels rather than lower them. Thus, hyperaldosteronism stands out as a central mechanism leading to hypokalaemia.