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Group 3 pulmonary hypertension is primarily associated with lung diseases. This classification includes pulmonary hypertension that arises due to chronic lung diseases or conditions that affect the structure and function of the lungs, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), interstitial lung disease, and pulmonary fibrosis. These lung conditions can lead to hypoxia, resulting in pulmonary vasoconstriction and subsequent elevated pressures in the pulmonary arteries.

The other conditions listed do not primarily correspond to Group 3. Left heart disease is classified under Group 2 pulmonary hypertension, which occurs due to left heart dysfunction. Chronic thromboembolic events are associated with Group 4 pulmonary hypertension, which is caused by blood clots that obstruct blood flow in the lungs. Pulmonary artery obstruction may also be related to Group 4, as it deals with physical obstructions affecting blood flow. Thus, the connection between lung disease and Group 3 pulmonary hypertension is what makes the correct answer significant.